SS-31 Research Peptide
$125.00
A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide investigated in laboratory research for its interaction with inner-membrane phospholipids and mitochondrial redox dynamics. For research use only. Not for human consumption.
SS-31 · lyophilized powder research material
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, consumption, or any diagnostic or therapeutic application.
Research Overview
A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide investigated in laboratory research for its interaction with inner-membrane phospholipids and mitochondrial redox dynamics. For research use only. Not for human consumption.
Evidence classification: SS-31 mechanism is from biophysical, cell and animal research. Condition-specific clinical trials of elamipretide exist with mixed results; they do not apply to research-grade material.
Research Background
Early work in the 2000s showed SS peptides concentrating in mitochondria of cultured cells and reducing markers of oxidative damage in isolated mitochondria. Later studies proposed cardiolipin binding as the primary interaction. Clinical programs have evaluated elamipretide in several conditions involving mitochondrial dysfunction; results have been mixed and are specific to the studied populations and formulation.
- Electrostatic and hydrophobic association with cardiolipin (biophysical / in vitro).
- Reported effects on cytochrome c peroxidase activity and electron transfer (in vitro).
- Preservation of cristae morphology in stressed mitochondria (in vitro / animal).
Compare this membrane-targeting approach with a mitochondria-encoded signaling peptide in MOTS-c: Mitochondrial Research Explained.
Read the full SS-31 research overview in the FuelX Research Library.
Certificate of Analysis
A Certificate of Analysis is available on request for every product, providing clear documentation of independent testing and verified purity.
Request a COA at info@fuelxpeptides.com.
Storage Information
Storage conditions for the unreconstituted lyophilized material are specified in the product label and lot documentation. Refer to that documentation for the applicable temperature and handling conditions; FuelX Peptides stores material under controlled conditions prior to shipment.
Scientific References
- Zhao K, Zhao GM, Wu D, et al. Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane inhibit mitochondrial swelling, oxidative cell death, and reperfusion injury. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(33):34682-34690. [In vitro / animal] View source (opens in new tab)
- Birk AV, Liu S, Soong Y, et al. The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipin. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24(8):1250-1261. [In vitro / animal] View source (opens in new tab)
- Szeto HH. First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics. Br J Pharmacol. 2014;171(8):2029-2050. [Review] View source (opens in new tab)
Related Research
Related Research Compounds
Listed for research navigation only; these compounds are not equivalent and do not produce equivalent effects.
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, consumption, or any diagnostic or therapeutic application.